Passivation

Passivation is a surface treatment process in which a thin, dense protective layer forms on a metal, preventing corrosion. This layer can develop spontaneously through reaction with the environment (e.g., oxidation) or be deliberately created using chemical or electrochemical processes. Typical passivation layers consist of metal oxides or hydroxides and act as a barrier against external influences. Many passivation layers are self-healing, meaning they can regenerate in the presence of oxygen if damaged.