A bar is a solid metal product with a uniform cross-section throughout its length, typically supplied in straight sections. The cross-section may be round, square, rectangular, hexagonal, or other polygonal shapes, depending on the intended application.
Bars are manufactured through processes such as extrusion, forging, hot rolling, cold rolling, or drawing—often in combination to achieve specific mechanical properties, dimensional tolerances, or surface finishes.
Key characteristics
- Solid profile – In contrast to tubes or hollow sections
- Constant cross-section – Precisely manufactured along the entire length
- High dimensional accuracy – Especially in cold-finished or drawn bars
- Supplied in straight lengths – Typically between 2 and 6 meters
- Available in various materials and surface finishes – As-rolled, peeled, ground, polished, or coated
Common cross-sections
- Round – For shafts, bolts, pins, turned parts
- Square / rectangular – Used in structural and machined components
- Hexagonal – Common in fasteners (e.g., bolts, nuts) and toolmaking
- Custom profiles – Tailored for specific design or functional requirements
Manufacturing methods
- Extrusion – Especially for aluminum and copper alloys
- Hot rolling – Economical for steel, stainless steel, and brass
- Cold rolling / drawing – For precision bars with tight tolerances
- Forging – For high-strength, customized parts or short-length sections
Applications
- Mechanical and plant engineering – Shafts, guide rails, pins
- Automotive and aerospace – Structural elements, brackets, supports
- Construction industry – Rails, connectors, guardrails
- Electrical engineering – Busbars, current-carrying components
- Medical and precision industries – Turned parts, implant blanks, valves
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